Active I thought that Mary had kissed John. Passive: I thought that John had been kissed by Mary. Active: He knew that people had built the church in 1915. Passive: He knew that the church had been built in 1915. You can also make the passive using a passive gerund or a passive infinitive in the same place as a normal gerund or infinitive. ingilizcezamanlar-tablosu - Free download as PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read online for free. hardworking, busy, industrious, diligent, tireless, contributing, enterprising, influential. View synonyms. 3 (of a thing) working; operative. ‘the old mill was active until 1960’. More example sentences. 3.1. (of an electrical circuit) capable of modifying its state or characteristics automatically in response to input or feedback. Many employees have been forced to work unpaid overtime. influence. I was influenced to try it by something I saw online. instruct. The babysitter was instructed to stay off the parents' phone. intend. That valve is intended to help keep the machine from overheating. invite. Never had guests been invited to enjoy such a sumptuous meal as this. made Active has/have been telling . Passive: has/have been being told . Deniz has been telling me for ages that you are leaving. (Deniz bana uzun zamandır senin ayrılıyor olduğunu söylüyordu.) (Deniz hez biin teling mi for eycıs det yu ar living.) I have been being told (by Deniz) for ages that you are leaving. Vay Tiền Nhanh Chỉ Cần Cmnd. Many people can get confused between “has been”, “have been” and “had been”. I’ll briefly explain the main differences in this post. Without getting too technical about it, there are two major differences “Had been” is used to mean that something happened in the past and has already ended. “Have been” and “has been” are used to mean that something began in the past and has lasted into the present time. 1. “had been” – something began in the past, lasted for some time, then ended. It is entirely in the past. Examples They had been talking for over an hour before Laila arrived. The children had been excited about the trip to the museum until it was cancelled last month due to the coronavirus. 2. “has been” and “have been”– something began in the past and has lasted into the present time, or was just finished not too long ago. As a general rule, “has” is used in the third person singular “he”, “she”, “it” and singular nouns. Examples Anas has been working in this company for more than 10 years. [He is still working here.] She has been notified about the changes in the document. The dog has been barking all night. [It’s still night time.] Generally, “have” is used for first- and second-person singular when using “I”, “we”, “they” and “you” and plural nouns. Examples I have been looking for my missing earring all morning! The girls have been so committed in getting the project launched. You have been so busy lately, I’ve barely had the chance to talk to you. So there you have it. If you’ve been wondering about the difference between “had been”, “has been” and “have been”, I hope you found this helpful. What is the Difference Between “I Have Been” and “I Had Been”? The difference between “I have been” and “I had been” is confusing to many who are learning English. In this video found below we will give an explanation beyond the grammatical that will help make the difference clear. The Example Before I went to the USA, I knew about the store Victoria’s Secret But I had never been there But I have never been there I Had Been and I Had Never Been Before I went to the USA, I knew about the store Victoria’s Secret but I had never been there. When you use “had been” or “had never been” it shows that something was continuing for a length of time in the past, but it is over now – it is in the past. Some more examples I had been running up to an hour every day, but stopped once the Marathon was over. I had been thinking about traveling, but that ended when my Father got sick. Julia had never been to Mexico, but her partner surprised with a plane ticket. Frank had been upset about the changes at work, but now he has grown used to them. I Have Been and I Have Never Been Before I went to the USA, I knew about the store Victoria’s Secret but I have never been there. When you use have been, or have never been, the action continues into the present. Some more examples I have been to that coffee shop, I will meet you there at noon today. I have never been to that coffee shop, I will meet you there at noon today. Joe and I have been planning this party for months, I can’t wait for it to be over and done with. Both of us have never been snowboarding, but I am willing to try. Watch the video below to listen to the difference between “I have been” and “I had been”! For more videos Go Natural English YT How to Answer “How long have you been here?” Kategori İngilizce Türkçe General 1 Genel have had a bellyful of f. bıkmak 2 Genel have had it f. bıkmak 3 Genel have had it f. artık yetmek 4 Genel have had it f. sonucu kötü olmak 5 Genel have had it f. kötü sonuçlanmak Colloquial 6 Konuşma Dili have had a few f. kafası kıyak olmak 7 Konuşma Dili have had its day f. çaptan/gözden düşmek 8 Konuşma Dili have had its day f. ıskartaya çıkmak 9 Konuşma Dili have had its day f. artık rağbet görmemek 10 Konuşma Dili have had its day f. artık hiçbir işe yaramamak 11 Konuşma Dili have [done/seen/had] more something than somebody has had hot dinners f. bir şeyi karşısındakine göre çok daha fazla yapmış olmak 12 Konuşma Dili have had one too many f. çok sarhoş olmak 13 Konuşma Dili have had the pleasure f. biriyle daha önce tanışma şerefine erişmiş olmak 14 Konuşma Dili have had one too many f. çok içmiş olmak 15 Konuşma Dili have had the pleasure f. biriyle daha önce tanışmış olmak 16 Konuşma Dili have had one too many f. içkiyi fazla kaçırmış olmak 17 Konuşma Dili have had it f. birine/bir şeye karşı sabrı tükenmek 18 Konuşma Dili have had it f. ömrünü tamamlamak 19 Konuşma Dili have had it f. tüm yaşama şansını yitirmek 20 Konuşma Dili have had it f. aşırı yorgun olmak 21 Konuşma Dili have had it f. hapı yutmak 22 Konuşma Dili have had it f. hayatta kalma şansı kalmamak 23 Konuşma Dili have had it f. iyileşme şansı olmamak 24 Konuşma Dili have had it f. gününü görecek olmak 25 Konuşma Dili have had it up to here f. burasına/şurasına kadar gelmek 26 Konuşma Dili have had it f. yorulmak 27 Konuşma Dili have had it f. bir şeyi daha fazla hazmedememek 28 Konuşma Dili have had it f. ayvayı yemek 29 Konuşma Dili have had it f. burasına/şurasına kadar gelmek 30 Konuşma Dili have had it f. bir şeyi atlatma şansı olmamak 31 Konuşma Dili have had it f. birine/bir şeye karşı sabrının sınırını aşmak 32 Konuşma Dili have had it f. enerjisi bitmek 33 Konuşma Dili have had it f. bir şeyi atlatamayacak olmak 34 Konuşma Dili have had it f. miadını doldurmak 35 Konuşma Dili have had it f. dayanma eşiğinin sınırına gelmek 36 Konuşma Dili have had it f. tamir edilemez durumda olmak 37 Konuşma Dili have had it f. işi bitmek 38 Konuşma Dili have had it f. hiç şansı kalmamak 39 Konuşma Dili have had it f. ölmek 40 Konuşma Dili have had it f. başına kötü bir şey gelecek olmak 41 Konuşma Dili have had it f. kurtarılma aşamasını geçmek 42 Konuşma Dili have had it up to here f. dayanma eşiğinin sınırına gelmek 43 Konuşma Dili have had it f. başarma şansı kalmamak 44 Konuşma Dili have had it f. birine/bir şeye daha fazla katlanamamak 45 Konuşma Dili have had it up to here f. tahammülünün sınırına gelmek 46 Konuşma Dili have had it f. tahammülünün sınırına gelmek 47 Konuşma Dili have had it f. çok kötü/zayıf durumda olmak 48 Konuşma Dili have had it f. ölmek 49 Konuşma Dili have had a few too many f. içkiyi fazla kaçırmak 50 Konuşma Dili have had a few too many f. sarhoş olmak 51 Konuşma Dili have had its day f. artık hiçbir işe yaramamak 52 Konuşma Dili have had your day f. miadını doldurmak 53 Konuşma Dili have had its day f. demode olmak 54 Konuşma Dili have had your day f. ıskartaya çıkmak 55 Konuşma Dili have had a few too many f. çok içmek 56 Konuşma Dili have had it with someone or something f. biri/bir şey burasına kadar getirmek/gelmek 57 Konuşma Dili have had enough of somebody/something f. birinden/bir şeyden usanmak 58 Konuşma Dili have had your day f. demode olmak 59 Konuşma Dili have had your day f. modası geçmek 60 Konuşma Dili have had its day f. artık rağbet görmemek 61 Konuşma Dili have had a few too many f. kafayı bulmak 62 Konuşma Dili have had your day f. artık hiçbir işe yaramamak 63 Konuşma Dili have had its day f. parlak/debdebeli/şaşaalı günleri eskide/geride kalmak 64 Konuşma Dili have had enough of somebody/something f. birinden/bir şeyden gına gelmek 65 Konuşma Dili have had its day f. popülerliğini yitirmek 66 Konuşma Dili have had it with someone or something f. biri/bir şey canına yetmek/tak etmek 67 Konuşma Dili have had its day f. ıskartaya çıkmak 68 Konuşma Dili have had its day f. modası geçmek 69 Konuşma Dili have had its day f. miadını doldurmak 70 Konuşma Dili have had your day f. parlak/debdebeli/şaşaalı günleri eskide/geride kalmak 71 Konuşma Dili have had your day f. popülerliğini yitirmek 72 Konuşma Dili have had its day f. çaptan/gözden düşmek 73 Konuşma Dili have had it with someone or something f. birinden/bir şeyden bıkmak 74 Konuşma Dili have had enough of somebody/something f. biri/bir şey burasına kadar getirmek/gelmek 75 Konuşma Dili have had enough of somebody/something f. biri/bir şey canına yetmek/tak etmek 76 Konuşma Dili have had enough of somebody/something f. birinden/bir şeyden bıkmak 77 Konuşma Dili have had it with someone or something f. birinden/bir şeyden gına gelmek 78 Konuşma Dili have had your day f. artık rağbet görmemek 79 Konuşma Dili have had your day f. çaptan/gözden düşmek 80 Konuşma Dili have had it with someone or something f. birinden/bir şeyden usanmak 81 Konuşma Dili have had a few s. sarhoş 82 Konuşma Dili have had a few s. küfelik 83 Konuşma Dili have had enough expr. bıktırdı 84 Konuşma Dili have had a few expr. kafayı bulmuş 85 Konuşma Dili have had enough expr. yetti 86 Konuşma Dili have had enough expr. usandırdı 87 Konuşma Dili have had enough expr. yeterince sıktı 88 Konuşma Dili have never had it so good expr. şansı hiç bu kadar yaver gitmemişti 89 Konuşma Dili have never had it so good expr. hiç bu kadar başarılı, muvaffak olmamıştı 90 Konuşma Dili have never had it so good expr. şansı hiç bu kadar açık olmamıştı 91 Konuşma Dili you had to have been there expr. görmen lazımdı 92 Konuşma Dili you had to have been there expr. orada olsan/görsen anlardın 93 Konuşma Dili you had to have been there expr. orada olman lazımdı 94 Konuşma Dili you had to have been there expr. orada olmalıydın 95 Konuşma Dili you had to have been there expr. görmeliydin Idioms 96 Deyim have had a bellyful of f. gına gelmek 97 Deyim have had one over the eight f. kafayı tütsülemek 98 Deyim have had one's chips f. sıfırı tüketmek 99 Deyim have had one's chips f. başarısızlığa uğramak 100 Deyim have had one's chips f. hezimete uğramak 101 Deyim have had one's chips f. şansı kalmamak 102 Deyim have had one's chips f. tüm fırsatları tüketmek 103 Deyim have had one's chips f. yenilgiye uğramak 104 Deyim have had one's chips f. şansı olmamak 105 Deyim have had a good innings f. başarılı bir iş hayatı geçirmek 106 Deyim have had a good innings f. iş hayatında önemli bir başarıya imza atmak 107 Deyim have had more than your fair share of something f. gereğinden fazla talihsizlik yaşamak 108 Deyim have had more than your fair share of something f. gereğinden fazla acı çekmek 109 Deyim have had a bellyful of something f. canına tak etmek 110 Deyim have had its day f. popülerliğini yitirmek 111 Deyim have had its day f. demode olmak 112 Deyim have had its day f. modası geçmek 113 Deyim have had its day f. parlak/debdebeli/şaşaalı günleri eskide/geride kalmak 114 Deyim have had it with somebody/something f. birinden/bir şeyden gına gelmek 115 Deyim have had its chips f. miadını tüketmek artık istenmemek 116 Deyim have had its chips f. ömrünü tüketmek 117 Deyim have had fill f. gına gelmek 118 Deyim have had fill f. usanmak 119 Deyim have had fill of something f. bıkmak 120 Deyim have had fill f. bıkmak 121 Deyim have had fill of something f. bıkmak usanmak 122 Deyim have had fill of something f. bay gelmek 123 Deyim have had fill f. bıkmak usanmak 124 Deyim have had fill of f. usanmak 125 Deyim have had fill f. bay gelmek 126 Deyim have had fill of something f. gına gelmek 127 Deyim have had it up to here f. canına tak etmek 128 Deyim have had it f. canına tak etmek 129 Deyim have had the biscuit f. ayvayı yemek 130 Deyim have had the biscuit f. son nefesini vermek 131 Deyim have had the biscuit f. ölmek 132 Deyim have had the biscuit f. artık bir işe yaramamak 133 Deyim have had the biscuit f. ölmeye yüz tutmak 134 Deyim have had the biscuit f. mevta olmak 135 Deyim have had the biscuit f. bir ayağı çukurda olmak 136 Deyim have had a basinful of something f. dayanabileceğinden fazlasını yaşamak/işitmek 137 Deyim have had a basinful of something f. bir şeyden gına gelmek 138 Deyim have had the radish [us] f. kullanılabilir halde olmamak 139 Deyim have had the radish [us] f. ölmüş olmak 140 Deyim have had the radish [us] f. telef olmak 141 Deyim have had the radish [us] f. ayvayı yemek 142 Deyim have had the radish [us] f. bozulmuş olmak 143 Deyim have had the richard [australia] f. tamir edilemez şekilde zarar/hasar görmek 144 Deyim have had the richard [australia] f. işi bitmek 145 Deyim have had the richard [australia] f. geri döndürülemez şekilde zarar/hasar görmüş olmak 146 Deyim have done more something than one has had hot dinners f. karşısındakinden daha deneyimli olmak 147 Deyim have done more something than one has had hot dinners f. bir şeyi karşısındakine göre çok daha fazla yapmış olmak 148 Deyim have done more something than one has had hot dinners f. karşısındakinin yaşı kadar deneyimi olmak 149 Deyim have done more something than one has had hot dinners f. siz/sen/o giderken ben geliyordum 150 Deyim have done more something than one has had hot dinners f. siz/sen/o giderken biz geliyorduk 151 Deyim have had your chips [uk] f. miadını tüketmek artık istenmemek 152 Deyim have had your chips [uk] f. miadını doldurmak 153 Deyim have had your fill of f. yeterince almak 154 Deyim have had a basinful f. gereğinden fazla olmak 155 Deyim have had your fill of somebody/something f. birine/bir şeye doymak 156 Deyim have had your chips [uk] f. popülerliğini yitirmek 157 Deyim have had more than one's fair share of something f. gereğinden fazla acı çekmek 158 Deyim have had your chips [uk] f. parlak/debdebeli/şaşaalı günleri eskide/geride kalmak 159 Deyim have had a basinful f. bir şeyden gına gelmek 160 Deyim have had your fill of f. '-den bay gelmek 161 Deyim have had your fill of somebody/something f. birinden/bir şeyden bay gelmek 162 Deyim have had your fill of f. istediği kadar almak 163 Deyim have had your chips [uk] f. modası geçmek 164 Deyim have had a basinful f. dayanabileceğinden fazlasını yaşamak/işitmek 165 Deyim have had your chips [uk] f. ıskartaya çıkmak 166 Deyim have had your fill of somebody/something f. birinden/bir şeyden gına gelmek 167 Deyim have had your fill of f. '-e doymak 168 Deyim have had a bellyful of somebody/something f. birinden/bir şeyden gına gelmek 169 Deyim have had your chips [uk] f. ömrünü tüketmek 170 Deyim have had your fill of f. '-den gına gelmek 171 Deyim have had your fill of f. '-den bıkmak 172 Deyim have had your chips [uk] f. demode olmak 173 Deyim have had your fill of somebody/something f. birinden/bir şeyden bıkmak 174 Deyim have had more than one's fair share of something f. gereğinden fazla talihsizlik yaşamak 175 Deyim have had a bellyful of somebody/something f. biri/bir şey canına tak etmek 176 Deyim have had a bellyful of somebody/something f. birinden/bir şeyden bıkmak 177 Deyim have had a good innings expr. ölenin arkasından iyi bir yaşam sürdü 178 Deyim have had a good innings expr. ölenin arkasından oldukça uzun yaşadı 179 Deyim have had a good innings expr. ölenin arkasından rahat bir yaşam sürdü 180 Deyim have [done/seen/had] more something than somebody has had hot dinners expr. siz/sen/o giderken ben/biz geliyordum/geliyorduk 181 Deyim have had a run of bad luck expr. başına gelmeyen kalmadı Speaking 182 Konuşma I have had enough of him expr. burama kadar geldi 183 Konuşma have you ever had a dream where you were dead? expr. rüyanda hiç ölü olduğunu gördün mü? 184 Konuşma I have/had enough expr. bıktım artık 185 Konuşma I have had it! expr. yetti artık! 186 Konuşma have you ever had a dog? expr. hiç köpeğin oldu mu? 187 Konuşma have you ever had a cat? expr. hiç kedin oldu mu? 188 Konuşma I have had enough of him expr. bıktım ondan 189 Konuşma they have just had a baby expr. daha yeni bebekleri oldu 190 Konuşma they have just had a baby expr. onların yeni bebekleri oldu 191 Konuşma have you ever had anything like that happen to you before? expr. daha önce böyle bir şey yaşadın mı? 192 Konuşma we have had this product for only fifteen days expr. bu ürüne sadece on beş gündür sahibiz 193 Konuşma I have had a cold for two weeks expr. iki haftadır gribim Slang 194 Argo have had it f. boku yemek 195 Argo have had it f. bıkmak 196 Argo have had it f. usanmak 197 Argo have had it f. gına getirmek 198 Argo have had it f. bir şeyden gına gelmek 199 Argo have been had f. kazık yemek 200 Argo have been had f. hamile kalmak/olmak 201 Argo have been had f. kazıklanmak 202 Argo have had one's chips f. boku yemek Past Perfect Tense Türkçe'de "miş"li geçmiş zamanın karşılığı olarak kullanılabilir. Geçmişte olan iki olaydan, daha önce olanını ifade ederken bu tense'i kullanırız. Past Perfect Tense, Present Perfect Tense'in geçmiş halidir. Aşağıdaki örnekleri inceleyin. - This is her first swimming lesson. She is very excited and she doesn't know what to do. She has never swum before. Bugün onun ilk yüzme dersi. Çok heyecanlı ve ne yapacağını bilmiyor. Daha önce hiç yüzmedi. - It was her first swimming lesson. She was very excited and she didn't know what to do. She had never swum before. Onun ilk yüzme dersiydi. Çok heyecanlıydı ve ne yapacağını bilmiyordu. Daha önce hiç yüzmemişti. Present Perfect Tense ile Past Perfect Tense arasındaki farkı anlayabilmek için aşağıdaki iki örneği inceleyiniz. - I have never seen an elephant. Daha önce hiç fil görmedim. Present Perfect Tense ile kurulan bu cümlede, cümleyi söyleyen kişinin daha önce hiç fil görmediği anlaşılmaktadır. - I had never seen an elephant. Daha önce hiç fil görmemiştim. Past Perfect Tense ile kurulan bu cümlede ise, cümleyi söyleyen kişinin fili gördüğü anlaşılır. Yani bu cümleyi fili ilk kez gördüğünde söyleyebilir. PAST PERFECT TENSE YAPI [HAD] + [PAST PARTICIPLE] Examples; - I had studied a little English when I came to the İngiltere'ye geldiğimde biraz İngilizce çalışmıştım. - They had never met an American until they met John. John'la tanışıncaya kadar hiç bir Amerikalıyla tanışmamışlardı. PAST PERFECT TENSE "TABLO" Affirmative Negative Interrogative I had played I hadn't played Had I played? You had played You hadn't play Had you played? He/she/it had played He/she/it hadn't played Had he/she/it played? We had played We hadn't played Had we played? They had played They hadn't played Had they played? PAST PERFECT TENSE KULLANIM ► Past Perfect Tense, geçmişte meydana gelen iki olaydan birisinin, diğerine göre daha önce bitmiş olduğunu ifade etmek için kullanılır. Aynı zamanda geçmişte yaşanan bir eylemin belirli bir zamandan önce olduğunu söylemek için de kullanılır. Örnekler; - The woman had died until the doctor arrived. Doktor varana kadar kadın ölmüştü. - I had never seen such a nice beach before I went to Side. Side'ye gitmeden önce böyle güzel bir sahil görmemiştim. A Had you ever visited the before your trip in 1992? 1992 yılındaki seyahatinden önce hiç Amerika'ya gitmiş miydin? B Yes, I had been to the once before in 1988. Evet, 1998'den önce Amerika'da bulunmuştum. When I got home yesterday, my mother had already cooked the dinner. Dün eve vardığımda, annem yemeği yapmıştı. By the time we got to the theatre, the play had already started. Tiyatroya vardığımızda, oyun başlamıştı. I had read a lot about Scotland before I went there. İskoçya'ya gitmeden önce hakkında çok şey okumuştum. ► Geçmişte belirli bir eylem veya zamandan önceki süreci anlatmak için de Past Perfect Tense kullanılır. Örnekler; We had had that car for ten years before it broke down. Bu araba bozulmadan önce on yıl bizimdi. By the time Alex finished his studies, he had been in London for over eight years. Alex çalışmalarını bitirdiğinde sekiz yıldan fazla zamandır Londra'da bulunmaktaydı. When Sam was born, I had been a doctor for 10 years. Sam doğduğunda, ben 10 yıllık doktordum. My son had already learnt how to read by the time he started the primary school. Oğlum ilkokula başladığında zaten okumayı öğrenmişti. ► Past Perfect Tense geçmişte ard arda gerçekleşen iki olaydan daha önce olanını anlatmak için kullanılır. Bu eylemlerden sonra olan Simple Past Tense ile ifade edilir. Aslında birçok durumda Past Perfect Tense kullanılmayabilir. Fakat cümlenin iki anlamlı olmasını engellemek için bu zaman kullanılmaktadır. Örnekler; - When I came home, my mother had left. Eve geldiğimde annem çıkmıştı. Yukarıdaki cümlede eylemlerin oluş sırasına bakalım. Birinci eylem - My mother left İkinci eylem - I came home Yani eylemler ilk önce annem evde çıktı, sonra ben eve geldim şeklinde sıralanabilir. - When I came home, my mother left. Eve geldiğimde, annem çıktı. Şimdi de yukarıdaki cümlelerin oluş sırasına bakalım. Birinci eylem - I came home İkinci eylem - My mother left Yani eylemler ilk önce ben geldim, sonra annem çıktı şeklinde sıralanır. Görüldüğü gibi simple past tense ile past perfect tense kullanımı arasındaki fark eylemlerin oluş sırası açısından gayet belirgindir. ► Cümlede before ya da after kullanılıyor ise, hangi eylemin daha önce gerçekleştiği zaten belli olduğu için past perfect tense kullanılmayabilir. Bu cümlelerde past perfect yerine simple past kullanımı anlam farkına neden olmaz. - After the meeting had finished, everybody went home. Toplantı bittikten sonra herkes evine gitti. - Jack had left before I got to the office. Ben ofise gitmeden önce Jack çıkmıştı. - After the old man had died, the doctor came. Yaşlı adam öldükten sonra doktor geldi. ► Yapmayı planladığımız veya ümit ettiğimiz ancak yapamadığımız eylemleri anlatmak için de Past Perfect Tense kullanılır. - I had wanted to visit the gallery before I left Paris, but it's closed on Sundays. Paris'ten ayrılmadan önce galeriyi ziyaret etmek istemiştim, ama Pazar günleri kapalıymış. - Jane had hoped to retire at 60, but they persuaded her to stay on for a few more years. Jane 60 yaşında emekli olmayı ümit etmişti ama birkaç yıl daha devam etmesi konusunda ikna ettiler. FORM OF PAST PERFECT TENSE Affirmative Negative Interrogative I had played I hadn't played Had I played? You had played You hadn't play Had you played? He/she/it had played He/she/it hadn't played Had he/she/it played? We had played We hadn't played Had we played? They had played They hadn't played Had they played? USE OF PAST PERFECT TENSE ► A finished action before a second point in the past We use the past perfect to make it clear that one event happened before another in the past. It does not matter which event is mentioned first - the tense makes it clear which one happened first. In the examples below, A is the first event and B is the second or more recent event. Be careful with the tense used in the examples. A James had left the office B when I arrived First James left the office, then we arrived B When we arrived at the party A they had already cooked the dishes. They cooked the dishes, then we arrived ► Explain reasons We often use Past Perfect Tense to explain or give a reason for something in the past. I was very tired last night because I hadn't slept well the night before. It had snowed all night, so many people didn't go to work in the morning. ► Duration before something in the past We use past perfect tense to talk about an action that started in the past and continued up to another action or time in the past. Using past perfect tense, we tell 'how long' the action or situation was just like the present perfect. But with past perfect tense, the action continues up to a point in the past rather than the present. When my son graduated from the university, he had been in İstanbul for 4 years. He arrived in İstanbul four years before he graduated and lived there until he graduated, or even longer. On the 20th of June, I'd worked in this bank for three months. ► Imaginary things in the past We use past perfect tense to talk about unreal or imaginary things in the past. This is common in the third conditional and after 'wish'. If I had known you were ill, I would have visited you. I wish I hadn't met you. ► Wanted or hoped but didn't happen We use the past perfect tense to say what we wanted or hoped something to do, but it didn't happen. I had wanted to visit you yesterday but I couldn't go out because of the snow. James had hoped to find a good job but he wasn't even invited for an interview. Remember! ► If we know that which action happened first and use the words before or after in the sentence, the past perfect is optional. We can use the simple past instead. The film started before we arrived. Right The film had started before we arrived. Right ► But if the Past Perfect is not referring to an action at a specific time, it is not optional. She never saw an elephant before she moved to Africa. Wrong She had never seen an elephant before she moved to Africa. Right In the examples above, past perfect tense refers to a lack of experience rather than an action at a specific time in the past. So simple past tense can't be used. ► After and before are the most common time expressions used in past perfect tense and the use of tense is as below; After → past perfect tense Before → simple past tense After I had finished my homework, I went out to meet my friends. Before I went out to meet my friends, I had finished my homework. An event which began two days ago just ended now. Which tense should be used to describe this present perfect or past perfect and why? It has been a tortuous journey. It had been a tortuous journey. asked Nov 9, 2015 at 930 Daniel SpringerDaniel Springer1391 gold badge1 silver badge10 bronze badges 7 "It has been a tortuous journey", unless the journey took place before something else you wish to tell "until we hit the highway, it had been a tortuous journey". This is basic sequence of tenses consecutio temporum in Latin. Event1 happens before Event2, and you're telling it in the present call it Event3. Event2 has just happened present perfect or happened simple past. Event1 had already happened past perfect. answered Nov 9, 2015 at 936 wismuthaftwismuthaft4732 silver badges5 bronze badges 5 Has been is present perfect continuous. It started in the past but is still going on. Had been is past perfect. It started and ended in the past So "it has been a tortuous journey" means it is still going on. "It had been a tortuous journey" means the journey is over. answered Nov 9, 2015 at 1016 6 Not the answer you're looking for? Browse other questions tagged grammaticality past-tense present-perfect perfect-aspect or ask your own question.

ingilizce had been has been